[Corticoid secretion and patho-histological changes in the adrenal glands in hypertension]. / Sekretsiia kortikoidov i patogistologicheskie izmeneniia v nadpochechnikakh pri gipertonicheskoi bolezni.

Hydrocortisone, 11-hydroxycorticosteroids and aldosterone were measured in 74 patients with a history of surgery on the sympathoadrenal system for stable essential hypertension. Morphologic structure of the sympathetic ganglia of the celiac plexus and adrenals removed during surgery was under study. The studies have revealed a relationship between pathohistologic changes in operation material and adrenocortical functional activity. The authors suggest a possibility of a relationship between morphofunctional changes in the adrenals and sympathetic ganglia, and enhanced nervous system efferent effects with the progress of the disease.

[Effect of glutamic acid on the course of recovery processes in the adrenal cortex]. / Vliianie glutaminovoi kisloty na techenie vosstanovitel'nykh protsessov v kore nadpochechnikov.

Glutamic acid in a dose of 1/100 of the LD50 was injected in the form of sodium salt into male and female Wistar rats for 7 days after 8- and 12-day injections of dexazone. During the first 3 days of injections, female rats received a low dexazone dose (5 micrograms/100 g bw). Injection of glutamic acid in conjunction with dexazone reduced the inhibitory effect of the latter drug on the adrenals but did not avert its inhibitory effect on the central nervous system. Prolonged injections of glutamic acid after dexazone treatment promoted more rapid and more complete recovery of adrenal function.

[Results of the surgical treatment of hypertension]. / Rezul'taty khirurgicheskikh operatsii po povodu gipertonicheskoi bolezni.

Long-term results of the surgical treatment of 67 patients with hypertensive disease are analyzed. Persistent decrease of the arterial pressure normalization and considerable improvement of the contractive ability of the myocardium and peripheral hemodynamics in most of the patients show the involution of manifestations of hypertensive disease after performing operative procedures on the sympathoadrenal system.

[Aldosterone, sodium and potassium concentrations in the blood of patients with myocardial infarction after acute hydrocortisone load]. / Kontsentratsiia al'dosterona, natriia i kaliia v krovi bol'nykh infarktom miokarda pri ostroi nagruzke gidrokortizonom.

Patients with acute myocardial infarction were repeatedly investigated in the course of their disease. Blood aldosterone was assayed radioimmunologically to determine its baseline level and response to the acute hydrocortisone load test. Cases where acute myocardial infarction was combined with essential hypertension were characterized by high blood aldosterone baseline, as were cases with circulatory insufficiency developing at the acute stage of infarction. Pattern of aldosterone variation in response to hydrocortisone administration was dependent on the phase of infarction and provided indirect evidence of glucocorticoid activity at various dates of the disease. The acute stage was associated with hyperaldosteronemia.

[Dynamics of the level of insulin in blood in response to hydrocortisone loading in myocardial infarction]. / Dinamika urovnia insulina v krovi v otvet na ostruiu nagruzku gidrokortizonom pri infarkte miokarda.

To elucidate the details of carbohydrate metabolism in the course of acute myocardial infarction, baseline blood insulin and glucose levels and changes thereof in response to acute hydrocortisone loading were investigated in patients with acute transmural and large-focal myocardial infarction that had developed in the presence of essential hypertension (patients with diabetes mellitus were excluded from the study). Basal hypoinsulinemia was discovered on Day 1 of myocardial infarction in these patients. On Days 3-5 of infarction, blood insulin concentration was increased significantly. The pattern of hydrocortisone-induced changes in glucose level suggests glucocorticoid involvement in "urgent" glucose mobilization. The state of and associations between the two hormonal systems throughout acute myocardial infarction are discussed on the basis of changes in insulin and glucose levels under hydrocortisone load.

[Dynamics of the structural organization of the liver parenchymal cells in induced autophagocytosis]. / Dinamika strukturnoi organizatsii kletok parenkhimy pecheni myshei v usloviiakh indutsirovannogo autofagotsitoza.

The volume of hepatocytes, their nuclei, cytoplasm, relative and absolute volumes, surface area, number and average volume of cytoplasmic structures have been studied in male mice C57B1 (2-month-old with body mass 19-21 g), 20, 60 min and 72 h after glucagon with glycine buffer in the dose 10 mcg per 100 g of body mass has been injected intraperitoneally. A reverse dependence between glycogen contents and a total volume of cytosegresomes, residual bodies and autophagolysosomes in the hepatic parenchyma is revealed. Acid phosphatase free activity, when hepatic homogenates are treated in 0.25 M and 0.15 M saccharose solutions, is the highest 60 min after glucagon administration. At that time hepatocytes do not contain any glycogen, and volume and number of lysosomes, especially the secondary ones are the greatest. Meanwhile, the total volume of the autophage structures is 150 times as great as the control one. In 60 min the volume of hepatocytes increases nearly by 50%, total volume and number of ultrastructures, especially that of free ribosomes, increase sharply. In 20 min concentration of 11-oxycorticosteroid hormones in blood more than 3 time exceeds the control level. The effect of glucagon dependent on cyclic adenosinmonophosphate is probably realized by means of an enhanced glycogenolysis and an increased level of metabolic processes in the hepatocytes. This causes a deficit of energy substrates, which could, to some extent, be compensated at the expense of reutilization of the lysosomal hydrolysis products.

[Use of direct spectrophotometry for the quantitative analysis of corticosteroids on thin-layer chromatograms]. / Ispol'zovanie metoda priamogo spektrofotometrirovaniia dlia kolichestvennogo analiza kortikosteroidov na tonkosloinykh khromatogrammakh.

Direct densimetry at 252.5 microns of cortisol on chromatographic plates with a thin silica gel layer provides the best results in comparison with fluorimetry, that includes pretreatment of plates with tetrazole reagent. Accuracy, sensitivity and reproducibility of the method were examined with reference to quantitative determination of the blood serum corticosterone of rats. Owing to a high sensitivity the direct densimetry technique in reflected light at 252.5 microns proved suitable for quantitative evaluation of the steroid spectrum in extracts from the rat adrenal incubate sections and the human blood serum. 3 ml of the blood serum is required for analysis performance.

[Variations in the response of adrenocortical and hepatic parenchyma of mice of different genetic strains to stress]. / Varianty otveta parenkhimy pecheni i kory nadpochechnikov myshei raznykh geneticheskikh linii naostryi stress.

Distinctions in adrenal cortex and liver parenchyma responses to acute stress were found in mice of different stains. These distinctions consisted in differences in concentration of 11-OCS in blood, corticosterone and testosterone of metabolism in liver and in quantitative parameters of hepatocyte ultrastructures.

[Effect of acute stress on structuro-functional parameters of mouse liver and adrenal cortex]. / Vliianie ostrogo stressa na strukturno-funktsional'nye pokazateli pecheni i kory nadpochechnikov myshei.

The acute stress following nervous and physical loading in connection with abnormally high functional demands to the liver, may be an independent etiological factor of development of hepatocytes destruction process. These phenomena are based on catabolic direction of metabolism in hepatocytes of animals under stress at the second neuroendocrine phase of the stress. At the same time the results of the investigations show the possibility of forming the adaptive reactions at the ultrastructural level in response to the acute stress.

[Effect of physical training on restoration of rat liver following partial hepatectomy]. / Vliianie fizicheskoi trenirovki na vosstanovlenie pecheni krys posle chastichnoi gepatéktomii.

Swimming training of rats led to a change of functional condition of hepatocytes accompanied by the changes in nuclei distribution by classes of DNA ploidity. The blood sugar level and glycogen content in the liver of trained rats were much greater than in the untrained animals 20 and 48 hours after partial hepatectomy. Reparative regeneration following partial hepatectomy in trained rats was characterized by a peculiar distribution of nuclei by classes of DNA ploidity and by entrance into the synthesis of diploid nuclei only, 20 hours after the operation.

[Changes in the ultrastructure and functional parameters of rat adrenal cortex cells in the course of reparative regeneration]. / Izmeneniia ul'trastrukturnykh i funktsional'nykh parametrov kletok kory nadpochechnikov krys v dinamike reparativnoi regeneratsii.

On the tenth and twenty-first days after bilateral enucleation of adrenal glands of Wistar rat-males their regeneration and mitochondria have been studied biochemically and with the electron microscope. The signs of transformation of glomerular zone cells into cells of lower gland zones have been found. The process of vertical zone transformation for glomerular cells remained under the gland capsule after the operation is shown to be accompanied by functional cell reconstruction. During the process of cell differentiation the adrenal gland cells are supposed to function by means of golocrinical secretion of some of the regenerated cells.

[Comparative study of several structuro-functional parameters of the liver and adrenal cortex in mice of different genetic strains under physiologically normal conditions]. / Sravnitel'noe issledovanie nekotorykh strukturno-funktsional'nykh pokazatelei pecheni i kory nadpochechnikov myshei raznykh geneticheskikh linii v usloviiakh ifziologicheskoi normy.

In adult male mice CBA and C57BL there were revealed differences in the morphometric characteristics of the subcellular organization of hepatocytes, as well as in the indices of functional capacity of the adrenal cortex and the rate of metabolism of steroid hormones in the liver. In animals of the strains under study the levels of steroid hormones production by the adrenal cortex and the rate of gross metabolism of steroid hormones in the liver were characterized by inverse relationship. Structural-functional indices of the adrenal cortex and the liver are supposed to cause different liver responses in these strains of mice to the influence of the alterating factors.

[Ultrastructure and function of zona fasciculata cells in the adrenal cortex of mice of differing genetic lines but physiologically normal]. / Ul'trastruktura i funktsiia kletok puchkovoi zony kory nadpochechnikov myshei raznykh geneticheskikh linii v usloviiakh fiziologicheskoi normy.

Ultrastructure and function were studied of the cells of zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex of male mice of strains CBA and C57B1. The results obtained point to potentially higher possibilities of the adrenal zona fasciculata in mice of strain C57B1. These data show the role of the genotype in determining the structure and functions of the cells of the adrenal cortex as well as an evident correspondence of the ultrastructural features to the specificity of functions and the level of activity of cells.

[Tyrosine-alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase activity in the rat liver after partial hepatectomy and CCl4 poisoning]. / Aktivost' tirozin-al'fa-ketogliutarattransaminazy pecheni krys posle chastichnoi gepatektomii i otravelniia CC14.

Acitivity of tyrosine-alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase and induction of the enzyme by hydro cortisone were studied in rat liver tissue after partial hepatectomy and intoxication with CCl4 Administration of the hormone increased the enzymatic activity within 72 hrs after treatment with CCl4 but did not affect its value within 8 and 24 hrs. Activation of the enzyme by hydrocortisone correlated with the increased enzymatic activity observed within 20 hrs after partial hepatectomy. Possible mechanisms for activation of the enzyme, caused by endo- and exogenous factors, are discussed.

[Adrenal glucocorticoid function and cytoplasmic dehydrogenase activity in the presnece of mechanical and toxic liver damage]. / Gliukokortikoidnaia funktsiia i sktivnost' tsitoplazmaticheskikh degidrogenaz nadpochechnikov pri mekhanicheskom i toksicheskom povrezhdenii pecheni

Against the background of low steroid metabolism in the liver there was noted some decrease in the rate of corticosterone synthesis by the adrenal gland sections, and also, a decrease in the dehydrogenase activity in the cytoplasm of adrenal cells in male rats 48 hours after partial hepatectomy, as compared to the sham-operated animals. These changes resulted from suppression of the central mechanisms of stress realization due to the lowered steroid metabolism. Intraperitoneal administration of carbon tetrachloride (0.1 ml per 100 g of body weight) at the same periods led to a significant intensification of the steroidogenesis in the adrenal tissue and to the activation of NAD-dependent dehydrogenases in the cytoplasm. The role of toxic injury of the glands in the changes of the functional state of the adrenal cortex cells is discussed.

[Changes in the functional state and structure of the adrenals in CC14 poisoning]. / Izmeneniia funktsional'nogo sostoianiia i struktury nadpochechnikov pri intoksikatsii CC14

Introduction of CCI4 in doses of 0.1 and 0.2 ml/100 g to albino rats reduced the steroid production generated by adrenal sections. In 24 and 48 hours after poisoning with a small dose of CCI4 (0.1 ml/100 g) there could be seen an increased concentration of 11-oxycorticosteroids in the plasma. Morphological signs of a damage suffered by the gland were observed only in poisoning with a large dose of CCI4 (0.2 ml/100 g).